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Chemistry Models
A&P 1
Bohr models
Bohr model of the helium (He) atom. He has two protons in the nucleus and two electrons in its single energy level.
This (partial) periodic chart shows incomplete Bohr models (no nucleus). Here, the energy levels are called "shells."
Electron Cloud Model
The electron cloud model shows electrons moving in a cloud around the nucleus.
From http://course1.winona.edu/sberg/Free.htm
In this covalent bond, two H atoms "share" their single electrons, to form a pair of shared electrons.
From http://course1.winona.edu/sberg/Free.htm
Water Molecule
Three models of a water molecule (polar). From left: stick (structural) model, Bohr model, space-filling (cloud) model.
From http://course1.winona.edu/sberg/Free.htm
Molecules in Water (Solution)
In this space-filling model, glucose (center molecule) is a polar molecule with unequal sharing of electrons. It dissolves easily in water because the positive regions of a water molecule are attracted to glucose's negative regions and the negative regions of a water molecule are attracted to glucose's positive regions --so they "get along"
From http://course1.winona.edu/sberg/Free.htm
Ions, too, "get along" with water just fine!
Click on each image to enlarge
From http://course1.winona.edu/sberg/Free.htm
Glucose Molecule
Two models of a glucose molecule: structural and space-filling.
From http://course1.winona.edu/sberg/Free.htm
Phospholipid Molecules
Left: Structural model of a phospholipid
Right: Stick figure of a phospholipid
From http://course1.winona.edu/sberg/Free.htm
Phospholipid bilayer (a simple model)
From http://course1.winona.edu/sberg/Free.htm
Phospholipid bilayer (a current detailed model)
Click image to enlarge
Cholesterol Molecule
Cholesterol (its steroid "core" or nucleus is highlighted)
Tertiary Protein
Computer (ribbon) model of a tertiary protein (hemoglobin beta unit)
Click image to enlarge
Quaternary Protein
Computer (ribbon) model of a quaternary protein (hemoglobin)
Check out this odd-shaped protein: click here
Allosteric Effect
The allosteric effect in enzyme action.
From http://course1.winona.edu/sberg/Free.htm
DNA Molecule
DNA molecule (left) is made up of nucleotides. Each DNA nucleotide is a sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate, and a base (A, C, T, or G).
Adenine, represented as simply "A" in the DNA model above, actually looks something like this.
Animated, simplified space-filling model of DNA shows the "twisted ladder" shape of the double helix.
From http://www.animationfactory.com
ATP Molecule
ATP (adenine triphosphate) is a modified adenine-containing nucleotide. (see model of adenine above)
